MDS Learning Outcomes & Graduate attributes

OBJECTIVES
The objective of the post-graduate training is to train a student so as to ensure higher competence in both general and special area of interest and prepare him or her for a career in teaching, research and speciality practice. A student must achieve a high degree of clinical proficiency in the subject and develop competence in research and its methodology in the concerned field.

The objectives to be achieved by the candidate on completion of the course may be classified as under:–
(a) Knowledge (Cognitive domain)
(b) Skills (Psycho motor domain)
(c) Human values, ethical practice and communication abilities

(a) KNOWLEDGE:

(i) Demonstrate understanding of basic sciences relevant to speciality;
(ii) Describe etiology, pathophysiology, principles of diagnosis and management of common problems within the speciality in adults and children;
(iii) Identify social, economic, environmental and emotional determinants in a given case and take them into account for planned treatment;
(iv) Recognize conditions that may be outside the area of speciality or competence and to refer them to the concerned specialist;
(v) Update knowledge by self-study and by attending courses, conferences and seminars pertaining to speciality;
(vi) Undertake audit, use information technology and carry out research in both basic and clinical with the aim of publishing or presenting the work at various scientific gathering;

(b) SKILLS:

(i) Take a proper clinical history, examine the patient, perform essential diagnostic procedures and order relevant tests and interpret them to come to a reasonable diagnosis about the condition;
(ii) Acquire adequate skills and competence in performing various procedures as required in the speciality.

(c) HUMAN VALUES, ETHICAL PRACTICE AND COMMUNICATION ABILITIES.

(i) Adopt ethical principles in all aspects of practice;
(ii) Foster professional honesty and integrity;
(iii) Deliver patient care irrespective of social status, caste, creed, or religion of the patient;
(iv) Develop communication skills, to explain various options available and obtain a true informed consent from the patient;
(v) Provide leadership and get the best out of his team in a congenial working atmosphere;
(vi) Apply high moral and ethical standards while carrying out human or animal research;
(vii) Be humble and accept the limitations in his knowledge and skill and to ask for help from colleagues when needed;
(viii) Respect patient’s rights and privileges including patient’s right to information and right to seek a second opinion.

AIM: To train the dental graduates so as to ensure higher level of competence in both general and specialty areas of Prosthodontics and prepare candidates with teaching, research and clinical abilities including prevention and after care in Prosthodontics – removable dental Prosthodontics, fixed dental prosthodontics (Crown &Bridge), implantology, maxillofacial Prosthodontics and esthetic dentistry.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE: Training program for the dental graduates in Prosthetic dentistry– removable dental Prosthodontics, fixed dental prosthodontics (Crown & Bridge), implantology, maxillofacial Prosthodontics and esthetic dentistry and Crown & Bridge including Implantology is structured to achieve knowledge and skill in theoretical and clinical laboratory, attitude, communicative skills and ability to perform research with a good understanding of social, cultural, educational and environmental background of the society.
To have adequate acquired knowledge and understanding of applied basic and systemic medical sciences, both in general and in particularly of head and neck region. The postgraduates should be able to provide Prosthodontic therapy for patients with competence and working knowledge with understanding of applied medical, behavioural and clinical science, that are beyond the treatment skills of the general BDS graduates and MDS graduates of other specialties, To demonstrate evaluative and judgment skills in making appropriate decisions regarding prevention, treatment, after care and referrals to deliver comprehensive care to patients.

KNOWLEDGE:

• The candidate should possess knowledge of applied basic and systemic medical sciences. On human anatomy, embryology, histology, applied in general and particularly to head and neck, Physiology & Biochemistry, Pathology Microbiology & virology; health and diseases of various systems of the body (systemic) principles in surgery and medicine, pharmacology, nutrition, behavioral science, age changes, genetics, Immunology, Congenital defects & syndromes and Anthropology, Bioengineering, Bio-medical & Biological Principles.
• The student shall acquire knowledge of various Dental Materials used in the specialty and be able to provide appropriate indication, understand the manipulation characteristics, compare with other materials available, be adept with recent advancements of the same.
• Students shall acquire knowledge and practice of history taking, Diagnosis, treatment planning, prognosis, record maintenance of oral, craniofacial and systemic region. Ability for comprehensive rehabilitation concept with pre prosthetic treatment plan including surgical re-evaluation and Prosthodontics treatment planning, impressions, jaw relations, utility of face bows, articulators, selection and positioning of teeth, teeth arrangement for retention, stability, esthetics, phonation, psychological comfort, fit and insertion.
• Instructions for patients in after care and preventive Prosthodontics and management of failed restorations shall be possessed by the students Understanding of all the applied aspects of achieving physical, psychological well-being of the patients for control of diseases and / or treatment related syndromes with the patient satisfaction and restoring function of Cranio mandibular system for a quality life of a patient.
• Ability to diagnose and plan treatment for patients requiring Prosthodontic therapy Ability to read and interpret radiographs, and other investigations for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment planning. The theoretical knowledge and clinical practice shall include principles involved for support, retention, stability, esthetics, phonation, mastication, and occlusion, behavioural, psychological, preventive and social aspects of Prosthodontics science of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology. Tooth and tooth surface restorations, Complete denture Prosthodontics, removable partial denture Prosthodontics, fixed Prosthodontics and maxillofacial and Craniofacial Prosthodontics, implants and implant supported Prosthodontics, T.M.J. and occlusion, craniofacial esthetics, and biomaterials, craniofacial disorders, problems of psychogenic origin. Should have knowledge of age changes, geriatric psychology, nutritional considerations and prosthodontic therapy in the aged population. Should have ability to diagnose failed restoration and provide prosthodontic therapy and after care. Should have essential knowledge on ethics, laws, and Jurisprudence and Forensic Odontology in Prosthodontics. Should know general health conditions and emergency as related to prosthodontics treatment like allergy of various materials and first line management of aspiration of prosthesis. Should identify social, cultural, economic, environmental, educational and emotional determinants of the patient and consider them in planning the treatment. Should identify cases, which are outside the area of his specialty / competence, refer them to appropriate specialists and perform interdisciplinary case management.
• To advice regarding case management involving surgical and interim treatment should be competent in specialization of team management in craniofacial prosthesis design.
• To have adequate acquired knowledge, and understanding of applied basic, and systemic medical science knowledge in general and in particular to head and neck regions. Should attend continuing education programmes, seminars and conferences related to Prosthodontics, thus updating himself/herself.
• To teach and guide his/her team, colleagues and other students. Should be able to use information technology tools and carry out research both in basic and clinical areas, with the aim of publishing his/ her work and presenting his/her work at various scientific forums.
• Should have an essential knowledge of personal hygiene, infection control, prevention of cross infection and safe disposal of waste, keeping in view the risk of transmission of potential communicable and transmissible infections like Hepatitis and HIV.
• Should have an ability to plan and establish Prosthodontics clinic/hospital teaching department and practice management.
• Should have a sound knowledge (of the applications in pharmacology, effects of drugs on oral tissues and systems of body and in medically compromised patients.

SKILLS:

• The candidate should be able to examine the patients requiring Prosthodontic therapy, investigate the patient systemically, analyze the investigation results, radiographs, diagnose the ailment, plan the treatment, communicate it with the patient and execute it.
• To understand the prevalence and prevention of diseases of craniomandibular system related to prosthetic dentistry.
• The candidate should be able to restore lost functions of stomatognathic system like mastication, speech, appearance and psychological comforts by understanding biological, biomedical, bioengineering principles and systemic conditions of the patients to provide quality health care in the craniofacial regions.
• The candidate should be able to demonstrate good interpersonal, communication skills and team approach in interdisciplinary care by interacting with other specialties including medical specialty for planned team management of patients for craniofacial & oral acquired and congenital defects, temporomandibular joint syndromes, esthetics, Implant supported Prosthetics and problems of Psychogenic origins.
• Should be able to demonstrate the clinical competence necessary to carry out appropriate treatment at higher level of knowledge, training and practice skills currently available in their specialty area with a patient centered approach.
• Should be able to interpret various radiographs like IOPA, OPG, CBCT and CT. Should and be able to plan and modify treatment plan based on radiographic findings.
• Should be able to critically appraise articles published and understand various components of different types of articles and be able to gather the weight of evidence from the same.
• To identify target diseases and create awareness amongst the population regarding Prosthodontic therapy.
• To perform Clinical and Laboratory procedures with a clear understanding of biomaterials, tissue conditions related to prosthesis and have required dexterity & skill for performing clinical and laboratory all procedures in fixed, removable, implant, maxillofacial, TMJ and esthetics Prosthodontics.
• To carry out necessary adjunctive procedures to prepare the patient before prosthesis like tissue preparation and preprosthetic surgery and to prepare the patient before prosthesis / prosthetic procedures.
• To understand demographic distribution and target diseases of Cranio mandibular region related to Prosthodontics.

ATTITUDES:

• To adopt ethical principles in Prosthodontic practice, Professional honesty, credibility and integrity are to be fostered.
• Treatment to be delivered irrespective of social status, caste, creed or religion of patient.
• Should be willing to share the knowledge and clinical experience with professional colleagues.
• Should develop an attitude towards quality, excellence, non-compromising in treatment.
• Should be able to self-evaluate, reflect and improve on their own.
• Should pursue research in a goal to contribute significant, relevant and useful information, concept or methodology to the scientific fraternity.
• Should be able to demonstrate evidence-based practice while handling cases. Should be willing to adopt new methods and techniques in prosthodontics from time to time based on scientific research, which are in patient’s best interest.
• Should respect patient’s rights and privileges, including patient’s right to information and right to seek second opinion.

COMMUNICATIVE ABILITIES:

• To develop communication skills, in particular and to explain treatment options available in the management.
• To provide leadership and get the best out of his / her group in a congenial working atmosphere.
• Should be able to communicate in simple understandable language with the patient and explain the principles of Prosthodontics to the patient.
• He/She should be able to guide and counsel the patient with regard to various treatment modalities available.
• To develop the ability to communicate with professional colleagues through various media like Internet, e-mails, videoconferences etc. to render the best possible treatment.
• Should demonstrate good explanatory and demonstrating ability as a teacher in order to facilitate learning among students

OBJECTIVES:

The following objectives are laid out to achieve the goals of the course

KNOWLEDGE:

• Discuss historical perspective to advancement in the subject proper and related topics. Describe etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of common periodontal diseases with emphasis on Indian population.
• Familiarize with the biochemical, microbiologic and immunologic genetic aspects of periodontal pathology Describe various preventive periodontal measures
• Describe various treatment modalities of periodontal disease from historical aspect to currently available ones.
• Describe interrelationship between periodontal disease and various systemic conditions. Describe periodontal hazards due to estrogenic causes and deleterious habits and prevention of it.
• Identify rarities in periodontal disease and environmental/Emotional determinates in a given case.
• Recognize conditions that may be outside the area of his/her Speciality/ competence and refer them to an appropriate Specialist.
• Decide regarding non-surgical or surgical management of the case Update the student by attending courses, conferences and seminars relevant to periodontics or by self-learning process.
• Plan out/ carry out research activity both basic and clinical aspects with the aim of publishing his/her work in scientific journals.
• Reach to the public to motivate and educate regarding periodontal disease, its prevention and consequences if not treated Plan out epidemiological survey to assess prevalence and incidence of early onset periodontitis and adult periodontitis in Indian population (Region wise).
• Shall develop knowledge, skill in the science and practice of Oral Implantology.
• Shall develop teaching skill in the field of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Principals of Surgery and Medical Emergencies.
• To sensitize students about inter disciplinary approach towards the soft tissues of the oral cavity with the help of specialist from other departments.

SKILLS:

• Take a proper clinical history, thorough examination of intra oral, extra oral, medical history evaluation, advice essential diagnostic procedures and interpret them to come to a reasonable diagnosis.
• Effective motivation and education regarding periodontal disease maintenance after the treatment.
• Perform both non-surgical & education regarding periodontal disease, maintenance after the treatment. Perform both non-surgical and surgical procedures independently. Provide Basic Life Support Service (BLS) recognizes the need for advance life support and does the immediate need for that. Human values, ethical practice to communication abilities. Adopt ethical principles in all aspects of treatment modalities; Professional honesty & integrity are to be fostered.
• Develop Communication skills to make awareness regarding periodontal disease Apply high moral and ethical standards while carrying out human or animal research, Be humble, accept the limitations in his/her knowledge and skill, and ask for help from colleagues when needed, Respect patients’ rights and privileges, including patients right to to information and right to seek a second opinion.

OBJECTIVES:
The training program in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is structured to achieve the following five objectives- Knowledge, Skills, Attitude, Communicative skills and ability, Research

Knowledge:

• To have acquired adequate knowledge and understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis, treatment planning of various common oral and Maxillofacial surgical problems both minor and major in nature.
• To have understood the general surgical principles like pre and postsurgical management, particularly evaluation, post-surgical care, fluid and electrolyte management, blood transfusion and postsurgical pain management.
• Understanding of basic sciences relevant to practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Able to identify social, cultural, economic, genetic and environmental factors and their relevance to disease process management in the oral and maxillofacial region.
• Essential knowledge of personal hygiene and infection control, prevention of cross infection and safe disposal of hospital waste keeping in view the high prevalence of hepatitis and HIV.

Skills:

Attitude:

• Develop attitude to adopt ethical principles in all aspect of surgical practice, professional honesty and integrity are to be fostered.
• Surgical care is to be delivered irrespective of the social status, caste, creed or religion of the patient.
• Willing to share the knowledge and clinical experience with professional colleagues.
• Willing to adopt new techniques of surgical management developed from time to time based on scientific research which are in the best interest of the patient.
• Respect patient right and privileges, including patients right to information and right to seek a second opinion.
• Develop attitude to seek opinion from an allied medical and dental specialists as and when required.

Communication Skills:

• Develop adequate communication skills particularly with the patients giving them the various options available to manage a particular surgical problem and obtain a true informed consent from them for the most appropriate treatment available at that point of time.
• Develop the ability to communicate with professional colleagues. Develop ability to teach undergraduates.

OBJECTIVES:
The following objectives are laid out to achieve the goals of the course.
These are to be achieved by the time the candidate completes the course. These objectives may be considered under the following subtitles.

Knowledge:

• At the end of 36 months of training, the candidates should be able to: Describe etiology, pathophysiology, periapical diagnosis and management of common restorative situations, endodontic situations that will include contemporary management of dental caries, management of trauma and pulpal pathosis including periodontal situations. Demonstrate understanding of basic sciences as relevant to conservative / restorative dentistry and Endodontics.
• Identify social, economic, environmental and emotional determinants in a given case or community and take them into account for planning and execution at individual and community level.
• Ability to master differential diagnosis and recognize conditions that may require multi-disciplinary approach or a clinical situation outside the realm of the specialty, which he or she should be able to recognize and refer to appropriate specialist.
• Update himself by self-study and by attending basic and advanced courses, conferences, seminars, and workshops in the specialty of Conservative Dentistry-Endodontics-Dental Materials and Restorative Dentistry.
• Ability to teach/guide, colleagues and other students. Use information technology tools and carry out research both basic and clinical with the aim of his publishing his work and presenting the same at scientific platform.

Skills:

• Take proper chair side history, examine the patient and perform medical and dental diagnostic procedures as well as perform relevant tests and interpret to them to come to a reasonable diagnosis about the dental condition in general and Conservative Dentistry – Endodontics in particular and undertake complete patient monitoring including preoperative as well as post-operative care of the patient.
• Perform all levels of restorative work, surgical and non-surgical Endodontics as well as endodontic-periodontal surgical procedures as part of multidisciplinary approach to clinical condition.
• Provide basic lifesaving support in emergency situations.
• Manage acute pulpal and pulpo periodontal situations.
• Have a thorough knowledge of infection control measures in the dental clinical environment and laboratories.
• Should have proper knowledge of sterilization procedures

Human Values, Ethical Practice and Communication Abilities

• Adopt ethical principles in all aspects of restorative and contemporary Endodontics including non-surgical and surgical Endodontics.
• Professional honesty and integrity should be the top priority. Dental care has to be provided regardless of social status, caste, creed or religion of the patient.
• Develop communication skills in particular to explain various options available for management and to obtain a true informed consent from the patient.
• Apply high moral and ethical standards while carrying on human or animal research.
• He/she shall not carry out any heroic procedures and must know his limitations in performing all aspects of restorative dentistry including Endodontics.
• Ask for help from colleagues or seniors when required without hesitation Respect patient’s rights and privileges including patient’s right to information.

OBJECTIVES:
The training programme in Orthodontics is to structure and achieve the following four objectives

Knowledge:

• The dynamic interaction of biologic processes and mechanical forces acting on the stomatognathic system during orthodontic treatment.
• The etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment planning of various common Orthodontic problems.
• Various treatment modalities in Orthodontics – preventive, interceptive and corrective.
• Basic sciences relevant to the practice of Orthodontics.
• Interaction of social, cultural, economic, genetic and environmental factors and their relevance to management of oro – facial deformities.
• Factors affecting the long-range stability of orthodontic correction and their management.
• Personal hygiene and infection control, prevention of cross infection and safe disposal of hospital waste, keeping in view the high prevalence of Hepatitis and HIV and other highly contagious diseases.

Skills:

• To obtain proper clinical history, methodical examination of the patient, perform essential diagnostic procedures, and interpret them and arrive at a reasonable diagnosis about the Dento-facial deformities.
• To be competent to fabricate and manage the most appropriate appliance – intra or extra oral, removable or fixed, mechanical or functional, and active or passive – for the treatment of any orthodontic problem to be treated singly or as a part of multidisciplinary treatment of oro-facial deformities.

Attitude:

• Develop an attitude to adopt ethical principles in all aspects of Orthodontic practice.
• Professional honesty and integrity are to be fostered
• Treatment care is to be delivered irrespective of the social status, cast, creed and religion of the patients.
• Willingness to share the knowledge and clinical experience with professional colleagues
• Willingness to adopt, after a critical assessment, new methods and techniques of orthodontic management developed from time to time based on scientific research, which are in the best interest of the patient
• Respect patients’ rights and privileges, including patients right to information and right to seek a second opinion
• Develop attitude to seek opinion from allied medical and dental specialists as and when required

Communication Skills:

• Develop adequate communication skills particularly with the patients giving them the various options available to manage a particular Dento-facial problem and to obtain a true informed consent from them for the most appropriate treatment available at that point of time.
• Develop the ability to communicate with professional colleagues, in Orthodontics or other specialties through various media like correspondence, Internet, e-video, conference, etc. to render the best possible treatment.